Wieslaw Gierlowski
A number of successive privatisations and reprivatisations of the Kaliningrad Amber Factory have not only failed to prevent the ongoing losses in the Factory’s business, but also led to an adverse effect for the entire amber processing sector in the Russian Federation and among the traditional purchasers of the raw amber abroad, especially in Poland. Amber output is falling, the mining equipment has not been replaced for decades, while the costs and keep rising.
The heralded privatisation of the Kaliningrad Amber Factory State Enterprise in Yantarny through the purchase of its debts towards the Factory’s suppliers and towards the Federal and Oblast’ treasuries (of the Administration of the Kaliningrad Oblast’), which was to be performed by the powerful Almazy Rossiyi (Alrosa) joint-stock company, did not happen. The Russian state remitted the tax and bank debts of its enterprise, which remains the sole owner of two joint stock companies: the Kaliningrad Amber Factory JSC, which mines amber, and Yuvielirprom JSC, which processes it, and a trading company with a chain of four profitable jewellery stores.
In mid-May 2008, a new director was nominated for the company umbrella enterprise, who came from Moscow with a programme for further limitations in mining and the development of the processing business in Yuvielirprom SA, with the simultaneous reduction in raw amber sales to private Russian companies and the existing importers of Russian amber. Somewhat earlier, in March 2008, the sales prices were raised significantly for Russian companies that previously received clearly preferential treatment in this respect over foreign customers, including even the three foreign companies owned by citizens of the Russian Federation, which previously had the lion’s share of the export licences, with 97% of the total licences issued (Wikwol Poland, Pajurio Gintaras Lithuania and Taurus Taiwan).
Currently, the following price list applies in respect to private Russian companies:
The Kaliningrad Amber Factory Raw amber price list
in domestic transactions wholesale net prices excl. VAT |
| No. |
raw amber category |
in roubles |
in euros |
| 1 |
unique, sorted, 1st grade 500-1000 g |
29.763 |
827 |
| 2 |
unique, sorted, 2nd grade 500-1000 g |
24.407 |
678 |
| 3 |
unique, sorted, 3rd grade 500-1000 g |
21.356 |
593 |
| 4 |
unique, sorted, 300 - 500 g |
21.356 |
593 |
| 5 |
unique, unsorted 300-500 g |
19.831 |
551 |
| 6 |
sorted 300-500 g |
15.864 |
440 |
| 7 |
jewellery quality, opaque 200-300 g |
19.220 |
534 |
| 8 |
jewellery quality, unsorted 200-300 g |
16.780 |
466 |
| 9 |
jewellery quality, opaque 100-200 g |
16.475 |
458 |
| 10 |
jewellery quality, unsorted 100-200 g |
14.247 |
396 |
| 11 |
layered, collectors’ 300-500 g |
12.600 |
350 |
| 12 |
souvenir quality 300-500 g |
10.434 |
290 |
| 13 |
layered, collectors’ 200-300 g |
10.068 |
280 |
| 14 |
souvenir quality 200-300 g |
9.366 |
260 |
| 15 |
layered, collectors’ 100-200 g |
8.817 |
245 |
| 16 |
souvenir quality 100-200 g |
7.932 |
220 |
| 17 |
impure, black 200-300 g |
5.766 |
160 |
| 18 |
impure, black 100-200 g |
5.095 |
142 |
| 19 |
jewellery quality 50-100 g |
12.203 |
339 |
| 20 |
jewellery quality 20-50 g |
10.678 |
297 |
| 21 |
jewellery quality 10-20 g |
9.458 |
290 |
| 22 |
jewellery quality 5-10 g |
8.542 |
237 |
| 23 |
jewellery quality 2,5-5 g |
6.102 |
170 |
| 24 |
collectors’ 50-100 g |
5.431 |
151 |
| 25 |
collectors’ 20-50 g |
4.576 |
127 |
| 26 |
collectors’ 10-20 g |
3.386 |
94 |
| 27 |
collectors’ do 10 g |
2.715 |
75 |
| 28 |
impure, black 50-100 g |
2.380 |
66 |
| 29 |
impure, black 20-50 g |
2.044 |
57 |
| 30 |
impure, black 10-20 g |
1.708 |
47 |
| 31 |
impure, black do 10 g |
1.251 |
35 |
| 32 |
impure, black do 5 g |
1.098 |
31 |
| 33 |
souvenir quality 50-100 g |
4.332 |
120 |
| 34 |
souvenir quality 20-50 g |
3.966 |
110 |
| 35 |
souvenir quality 10-20 g |
3.600 |
100 |
| 36 |
souvenir quality 5-10 g |
3.051 |
85 |
| 37 |
souvenir quality 2,5-5 g |
2.349 |
65 |
| 38 |
unsorted from sieve +16 mm |
3.234 |
98 |
| 39 |
unsorted from sieve +14 mm |
1.708 |
47 |
| 40 |
from sieve +11,5 mm |
1.220 |
34 |
| 41 |
from sieve -11,5 mm |
610 |
22 |
| 42 |
from sieve +4 mm |
186 |
5 |
| 43 |
from sieve -4 mm |
68 |
2 |
For the purpose of calculating the net sales prices in euros, the May 2008 mean exchange rate was used: 1 euro = 36 roubles
VAT in Russia amounts to 18% of the net price and is collected upon purchase. This price list is valid for unlicensed contractual transactions. The price list was approved by Mr P.V. Koritnikov, the Director of the Kaliningrad Amber Factory JSC on 17 March 2008.
The current domestic prices in Russia for amber varieties suitable for jewellery have exceeded the prices set for foreign customers in 2005, which is illustrated in the following table (not all varieties were included in the 2005 price list):
Jewellery quality raw amber varieties
comparison of May 2005 export prices with the March 2008 prices for Russian customers |
| |
2008 |
2005 |
| No. |
category |
roubles |
euros |
euros |
| 44 |
unique, sorted, 300-500 g |
21.356 |
593 |
|
| 45 |
unique, unsorted 300-500 g |
19.831 |
551 |
460 |
| 46 |
sorted 300-500 g |
15.864 |
440 |
|
| 47 |
jewellery quality, opaque 200-300 g |
19.220 |
534 |
|
| 48 |
jewellery quality, unsorted 200-300 g |
16.780 |
466 |
430 |
| 49 |
jewellery quality, opaque 100-200 g |
16.475 |
458 |
|
| 50 |
jewellery quality, unsorted 100-200 g |
14.247 |
396 |
380 |
| 51 |
jewellery quality, 50-100 g |
12.203 |
339 |
265 |
| 52 |
jewellery quality, 20-50 g |
10.678 |
297 |
230 |
| 53 |
jewellery quality, 10-20 g |
9.458 |
290 |
|
| 54 |
jewellery quality, 5-10 g |
8.542 |
237 |
175 |
| 55 |
jewellery quality, 2,5-5 g |
6.102 |
170 |
150 |
| 56 |
unsorted from sieve +16 mm |
3.234 |
98 |
85 |
| 57 |
unsorted from sieve +14 mm |
1.708 |
47 |
40 |
| 58 |
from sieve +11,5 mm |
1.220 |
34 |
25 |
| 59 |
from sieve -11,5 mm |
610 |
22 |
|
| 60 |
from sieve +4 mm |
186 |
5 |
|
| 61 |
from sieve -4 mm |
68 |
2 |
|
When assessing the actual situation we should consider the fact that in practice the 2005 price list was not respected and last year’s export prices per kilogram of high-quality amber weighing 300-500 grams exceeded 1,400 euros.
1. Specimens of sorted jewellery quality amber at a sales price of 593 euros per 1 kg
2. Example of a collectors’ nugget weighing 20 g with the mesh effect of shrinking during the drying of the resin retained on its surface – price: 127 euros per 1 kg
3. Jewellery quality amber, “cabbage-leaf” variety, easy to clarify – weight: 102 g, price per 1 kg = 458 euro
photo: Gabriela Gielowska